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Asch conformity experiments
In psychology, the Asch conformity experiments or the Asch Paradigm refers to a series of studies directed by Solomon Asch studying if and how individuals yield to or defy a majority group and the effect of such influences on beliefs and opinions.〔Asch, S.E. (1951). Effects of group pressure on the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), ''Groups, leadership and men''(pp. 177–190). Pittsburgh, PA:Carnegie Press.〕〔Asch, S.E. (1952b). "Social psychology". Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall.〕〔Asch, S.E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. ''Scientific American'', 193, 35–35.〕〔Asch, S.E. (1956). (Studies of independence and conformity. A minority of one against a unanimous majority ). ''Psychological Monographs'', 70(9), 1–70.〕
Developed in the 1950s, the methodology remains in use by many researchers to the present day. Applications include the study of conformity effects of task importance,〔Milgram, S. (1961). (Nationality and conformity ). ''Scientific America'', 205(6).〕 age,〔Pasupathi, M (1999). (Age differences in response to conformity pressure for emotional and nonemotional material ). ''Psychology and Aging'', 14(1), 170–4.〕 gender,〔Cooper, H.M. (1979). Statistically combining independent studies: A meta-analysis of sex differences in conformity research. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 37, 131–146.〕〔Eagly, A.H. (1978). Sex differences in influenceability. ''Psychological Bulletin'', 85, 86–116.〕〔Eagly, A.H. & Carli, L. (1981). (Sex of researchers and sex-typed communications as determinants of sex differences in influenceability: A meta-analysis of social influence studies ). ''Psychological Bulletin'', 90(1), 1–20.〕〔Bond, R. & Smith, P.B. (1996). (Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgement task ). ''Psychological Bulletin'', 199(1), 111–137.〕 and culture.〔〔
== Initial conformity experiment ==
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